Archive for the ‘Learning Science’ Category

Reading in the Brain by Dstanislas Ehaene

Saturday, March 20th, 2010

readinginthe brainThis new book by cognitive scientist, STANISLAS DEHAENE, is attracting a lot of attention.  Called ‘Reading in the Brain – The Science and Evolution of a Human Invention,’ it explains the phenomenon of literacy and its effects on the mind. 

A Barnes and Noble essay on the book gives a good intro:

How do we go from sounding out syllables, carefully parsing the phonetics of each word, to becoming fluent readers? And how does this incredibly complicated act become automatic, so that evn ths sntnce cn b quikly undrstd?

All very interesting.  We were also struck by the early question in hte book:  why does phonics work while the whole-language method does not?  Ane even more telling, with all the evidence that whole-language does not work, why is it still in so many schools?  It points to how little impact science is yet to have on educational practices in the US.  

Here’s a link to the review:

Reading in the Brain book review

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TV News: Fast ForWord Changes A Life

Monday, March 15th, 2010

Helps Child Get To Top Of Class

Here is a great TV news shows segment showing how Fast ForWord has helped a student improve his processing abilities to become top in his class!

Dr Martha Burns explains how the program works to improve memory, attention, processing speeds and sequencing skills.

The commentary shows the impact on APD (auditory processing disorder) related issues alongside other study aspects. The programs help children be confident socially as well as in the classroom, enjoy school and achieve good academic results.

Click on this link to see the video:

http://au.tv.yahoo.com/sunrise/video/-/18558693/

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Fascinating Brain Series on PBS

Monday, March 8th, 2010

charlieroseBrain Series on PBS

What a fascinating series of discussions by Charlie Rose with a series of senior neuroscientists and cognitive researchers about the wonders of the brain and brain plasticity

 #5 in Charlie Rose’s series on PBS is about early brain development.  So much happens in the first 3-5 years of life in terms of brain growth, that scientists are focusing on this period to help them understand learning in general.

One comment struck me.  One scientist was asked what she would like see in the future and she said she would like to see the education system just start to incorporate the potential of brain plasticity. 

I have no doubt that in 50 years or so schools will spend at least some part of each day on programs aimed at changing underlying learning skills.  But sadly now the entire day is devoted to teaching around learning disabilities despite all these scientific advances.

The good news for parents though is that while schools resist this science there is a cottage industry of neursoscience based tutoring alternatives for hime use.  Gemm Learning and Fast ForWord is at the forefront of this wave.

Here is a link to the Brain Series program:

http://www.charlierose.com/search/search/10764?text=brain+series

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Fast ForWord Efficacy Confirmed, Again.

Thursday, February 18th, 2010

Study Compares It To Other Interventions

Ron Gillam, persistent critic of Fast ForWord, has published yet another study that aims to  devalue the efficacy of Fast ForWord. 

The scientific community is pretty much agreed now.  After years and years of white papers (700 and counting) and literally hundreds of studies showing great results, the scientists see that the program works.  It delivers real change that can be measured on fMRI scans, in cognitive testing and in academic gains.

Not so for Dr. Ron Gillam.  Dr. Gillam has theories on langauge interventions and how children learn that predict Fast ForWord to be ineffective.  Early in his career his studies were all about trying to prove that claim and particularly tried to undermine its methodology, its access and improvement of learning and reading difficulties by strengthening central auditory processing disorders or CAPD.

After failing to prove that this program does not work, he is now taking the tack that its proven efficacy is not unique!

This latest study concludes that Fast ForWord worked as well as other language interventions that incorporate the principles of active attention, feedback, rewards and intensity.   Including interventions that cost thousands of dollars to deliver since they involve one-on-one training.  

We would argue even here though.  If  post testing were done 9-12 months later the results would look very different.  The cognitive gains from Fast ForWord would be more evident while the students who had interventions that did not create new neural pathways would start to see their gains recede due to the absence of continued extra sessions.

Dr. Gillam uses subtle methods to try to undermine the impacts of Fast ForWord but still struggles!!  In this study, like others, he does not allow supervisors to intervene (this is not how Fast ForWord is recommended for use — mid-course corrections and interventions are almost always required) and he uses tight post-testing not allowing enough time for the full value of Fast ForWord  to develop.   

Fast ForWord is a cognitive program that works on fundamental underlying skills that sometimes take a month or two at least to integrate into the learning and reading process to the point that the gains are measurable.  Post testing right away is counter to the whole thrust of the software.  Cognitive gains do not translate into academic gains over night.

And even with these limits, Fast ForWord matched three other approaches that work more directly on the skills being pre and post tested.  Test a certain memory skill, work on that skill for 6 weeks, then test that memory skill again and of course you will see gains.  Test reading comprehension, work on a memory game, then test reading comprehension again and the immediate results may not be so good.   More things have to fall into place for the better memory skills to impact reading comprehension results. 

As a Fast ForWord provider, where we see wonderful anecdotal and measurable results time after time, and so we are long past the point of worrying whether Fast ForWord works.  It is interesting to see that its main detractor is actually now at that same place  and is stuck with arguing it is not unique!

Here is a summary and a link to the full article:

A recent article by Ronald Gillam, PhD, CCC-SLP and Diane Frome Loeb, PhD, CCC-SLP, has published findings from a randomized controlled trial studying the effects of neuroplasticity-based training as a method of language intervention. 

They found that using principles of neuroplasticity-based training (active attention, feedback, rewards and intensity) is an effective solution for language-based learning struggles.

Their conclusion: “Our results suggest that neural reorganization that promotes language development can result from a variety of interventions in which highly motivated children have multiple opportunities to respond to challenging and accomplish-able tasks within intensive programs.”

http://www.asha.org/Publications/leader/2010/100119/SchoolAgeLanguageIntervention.htm

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FMRI Helping Learning Science

Saturday, January 30th, 2010
FMRI of brain

FMRI of brain

Our friends at Neuron Learning alerted us to this new pdf summary about the fMRI.

It’s a  paper from the American Psychological Association that highlights the role of neuroscience in improving the brain processing skills of people with dyslexia and autism.  fMRI studies are proving to be crucial in determining appropriate and effective interventions

The work shows great promise for people with autism , aspergers, dyslexia and indeed in assisting in building literacy skills on a general basis.

It highlights work by Sally Shaywitz and Paula Tallal and Mike Merzenich clearly shows the ability of the brain to change and build the appropriate skills.

Incidentally there are a lot of other applications demonstrated as well.

FMRI_for_Learning

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ADD medicine overuse, more thoughts

Wednesday, January 27th, 2010

ADD medicine in schoolsThe Role  Cognitive Training in Learning

A recent NY Times article highlighted the high use of medicines to treat ADHD, bipolar and other disorders.  It put the difference in usage — 4% of kids on Medicaid versus 1% for private insurance — down to the fact drugs are covered while interventions are not.

It makes you realize just how little the advances in brain research have penetrated mainstream thinking or practices. 

In most fields of medicine it goes without saying that it is better to focus on causes of issues rather than focus almost entirely on the symptoms.

In the learning realm though, this is exactly what happens. 

The symptoms of learning difficulties — ADD, ADHD, erratic and anti-social behavior — receive a lot of attention from parents and professionals, but often ending up in a drug prescription.  Far less time is spent on treating the causes of the behavior.

Why is that?  Part of it is a continuing suspicion or simple lack of awareness of cognitive learning training that can resolve many underlying learning glitches.  But mostly, it comes down to the still pervasive belief that learning is fixed, and so there is nothing to be done.

The discovery that the brain is plastic, that it can be rewired, is considered perhpas the most important discovery of the last 150 years, and yet the applications flowing from this profound change in how we should view learning skills — capable of change, not fixed — are still by no means pervasive or even embraced in many parts of the educational community.

It is just another indication of how early Gemm Learning and its peers are in the incorporation of new science, new being the last 10-15 years.

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Norman Doidge Talks To Merzenich

Monday, January 25th, 2010

brain changes itselfBrain That Changes Itself Author Podcast on Brain Plasticity

If you are like me  and can’t get enough of Dr. Michael Merzenich, co-founder of Fast ForWord, then this podcast of Dr. Norman Doidge discussing brain plasticity with Dr. Merzenich.

The podcast starts out by describing that for the last 150 years the working theory of the brain was that it was fixed, like a computer.  But now we know that this is not true, it is adaptive and capable of great change.  This has been described as the most important scientific discovery of the 20th century.

Norman Doidge, MD is a renowned research psychiatrist and author of the bestselling book, The Brain That Changes Itself.   The book chronicles the research in neuroplasticity-the discovery that the brain can “rewire” itself to change its structure and function.  It also highlights case studies of people with neurological disorders and how neuroplasticity helped them compensate for or overcome their limitations.

If you aren’t familiar with the science of neuroplasticity-and the potential this breakthrough science brings to brain health and fitness-now is your opportunity to learn more. On our Author Spotlight: Norman Doidge webpage, you can listen to a podcast with Dr. Doidge or read a chapter from The Brain That Changes Itself featuring Posit Science’s co-founder Dr. Michael Merzenich.

Take a listen.  You might just learn a thing or two about the possibilities for your brain!

Listen to the podcast here

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Can Nutrition Impact Learning?

Saturday, January 23rd, 2010

Nutrition and learning skills

Nutrition Facts

I am a big believer that nutrition can alleviate, although not likely eliminate learning difficulties.  We are a big fan of nutritionist, Nancy Guberti, who has spoken at Gemm sponsored seminars about sugar and will be speaking again in early March.  For more on how sugar impacts learning click here.

Health Literacy

Our friends at Scientific Learning recently sent out a note about “health literacy” — an intriguing concept — and alerted us to an interesting website that integrates the various food groups and brain function.  Here’s an excerpt:

The “Brainiac Blue Plate Combo”—the ultimate brain-health meal.

Start with two slices of whole-grain bread for carbohydrates; these will get converted into glucose to power the brain’s electrical activity. (Did you know that the brain uses about 20% of our total energy every day?) To that, we might add some lean turkey, roast beef and tuna fish (mmmm!) to supply the proteins and fats that make up the basic building blocks of our neural tissues. Then, we could top it all off with a light smattering of cheese and serve it with a side of roasted potatoes and a banana to give it the perfect zinging balance of neurotransmitters, from aspartic acid to tyrosine.

For more great facts and information on neuroscience and nutrition for kids, check out Dr. Eric H. Chudler’s site, Nutrition and the Brain at http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nutr.html.

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Norman Doidge on Fast ForWord

Monday, January 11th, 2010
Brain that CHANGES ITSELF

Brain that CHANGES ITSELF

Norman Doidge the author of “The Brain that Changes Itself” has written about Mike Merzenich one of the creators of the Fast ForWord family of programs in one of the chapters.

On his website www.normandoidge.com this is what he has to say about Fast ForWord software.

“A reading disorder, caused by an auditory processing problem….. If it is a learning disorder based on auditory processing, Scientific Learning  has a program that has been tested and shown excellent results, with hundreds of thousands of people.

This is the Fast ForWord program Dr. Doidge described in chapter 3. Developed by world leaders in neuroplasticity, the program can be ordered and done on one’s computer at home. It is quite fast, if you have the brain problem it treats, and you can do it at home.”

Gemm Learning uses Fast ForWord very successfully to help students to improve their learning skills. The home based programs have helped students with autism, aspergers, dyslexia, dyspraxia and other learning difficulties to process information more accurately and quicker.  It has helped them to pay attention, remember better and follow instructions more easily. See www.gemmlearning.com for more details. 

Thanks to our friends at Neuron Learning for alerting us to this Norman Doidge post.

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Those Precious First Three Years of Life

Saturday, January 9th, 2010

Toddler Picking FlowersWhere the Learning is Fixed Concept Comes From

A number of scientific experiments have confirmed that in the first three years of life the brain is in complete learning set up mode.  It assumes nothing and processes everything, connecting everything to everything.  For instance, a door opens and a dog barks — early in life this is remembered in case it is useful. 

In the first few weeks of life babies can recognize the different faces of monkeys, until they recognize there is no useful purpose in holding that information and so they lose that skill.  By a process of trial and error the brain eventually figures out how to learn, what is connected and relevant, and what isn’t.

Fast ForWord software founder, Michael Merzenich, talks about an experiment involving rats placed in different sound environments.  Some rats heard a rich variety of sounds and music, while others hear only a ceiling fan with one repetitive sound.  As you might guess this difference in environment had a huge stimulative impact on activated brain growth. 

No doubt about it, the first three years of life are critical.  After this wonderful period of growth in learning skills the brain has made most of the connections it needs for learning and so shuts down this aspect of growth to focus more on learning actual content, i.e., learning the language, sounds for reading, etc.

This is where the learning-is-fixed idea comes from.  From the knowledge that the first three years of life are unique and indeed they are.  It is also true that once learning mechanics are wired, it is harder after those first three years to change them.  Naturally, “rewiring” is harder than wiring for the first time. 

But that is where it ends.  Because of what we now know about brain plasticity, it is not true to say that rewiring is not possible.  Just because you don’t have a brain in always-on mode it does not mean that a brain that has glitches in its early set up cannot be trained to improve. 

Rewiring is possible, or said another way learning is not fixed.

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